1. Dahongshan iron ore mining ore zone I, copper filling profile

After the exploration of the 1.5 million t/a project infrastructure in the No. I copper mine belt of Dahongshan Iron Mine, the ore body shape has become more complicated. In order to adapt to the changes of the ore body, improve the resource utilization rate and ensure the rock caused by the mining of No. I copper ore belt. The movement does not affect the safety of the upper open-pit mining. After analysis and comparison, it is determined to use the point-column type stratified filling mining method. The stage height is 100m, the section height is 20m, the layer height is 4m, the length of the ore block is 50m, and the width of the ore block is adopted. For the horizontal thickness of the ore body (multi-layer ore body with the thickness of the stone), the height of the ore block is divided by a section height, leaving a 4m wide column between adjacent blocks, leaving 18m spacing in the ore block. 6m×6m point column; the stophole of the stope is set at a spacing of 300m, and the returning wind uphill is set at a distance of 600m.
After the end of each layer, the filling should be filled in time. When filling, first fill with waste rock (when conditions are available), then fill with graded tailings, and finally fill with cement tail mortar, thickness of waste rock + tailings filling and cement tail mortar The filling thickness is temporarily considered to be 3.4m and 0.6m, and each layer is filled with a thickness of 4m (the same layer height). Comparing similar mines, the main parameters of the filling slurry are tentatively set as follows: when grading the tailings for filling, the content of tailings of -19μm particle size is controlled to be less than 10%, and the weight concentration of tailing mortar for filling is 65% to 70%, cement tail mortar The weight concentration is 68% to 74%, and the cemented filling layer has a ratio of 1:4.
The relevant parameters of the filling slurry in production are adjusted according to the actual situation.
For the lower middle section, there is no recovery, and the upper middle section should be harvested first. Consider the first layer of the middle section of the first mining section, which is filled with the cement tail mortar of 1:4 lime sand ratio, and the bottom layer is laid with Φ16mm steel bar 200mm× 200mm steel mesh to facilitate the mining of the uppermost section of the lower middle section.
Current status of recovery and filling of No.1 copper ore belt in the deep red mountain iron ore mine

The first section of the No. I copper belt in the Dahongshan Iron Mine was firstly collected in the middle of 400m and 500m. The filling of a layer of cement in most of the panels has been completed. Some of the goaf has entered the second layer of waste rock + full tailings + surface cementation filling.
Since iron ore processing plant tail Dahongshan fine sand particles, so that the tailings are not used to fill strong permeability, poor dewatering, lime sand filling ratio of the compressive strength of the cemented filling formed more 1:4 Low, can not meet the mining requirements. To this end, at this stage, the 0.6m cemented surface layer set in the preliminary design is thickened to 0.8-1.0m, and the PSA42.5 cement sand-cement ratio is controlled at (1:3)~(1:3.5). )about. As a result, the cement consumption is increased and the cementing filling cost is greatly increased.
3 low temperature ceramic cementitious materials application test
In the second quarter of 2011, the Dahongshan Iron Mine demonstrated that the low-temperature ceramic cementitious material has a good effect in solidifying fine-grained iron tailings in the “micro-fine iron tailings solidified dry heap and underground filling expansion industrial test”. The effect can meet the requirements of the underground filling process. Through calculation, the low-temperature ceramic cementing material is applied in the actual production, which can effectively improve the filling effect and save the filling cost. However, the tailings condition and the filling environment have changed as compared with the “micronized iron tailings solidified dry heap and underground filling expansion industrial test”. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out further tests on the current tailings and downhole filling, and to determine a reasonable mix ratio and low dosage.
In this test, 4048, 4050, 4066, 4060 four panels were selected as the test stop for this industrial test. 4048, 4050, 4066 three panels were used for the test of low-temperature ceramic cementitious materials, and 4048 stop for waste rock. Filling + full tail sand filling + 1:6 cement filling; 4050 mining site waste rock filling + full tail sand filling + 1:8 cement filling; 4066 mining site 1:20 low volume cementing filling +1 : 6 high volume cementation filling. In addition, the 4060 stope was used as a test for PSA 42.5 cement, and the waste rock filling + full tail sand filling was filled with +1:4 amount of cemented filling.
After the completion of the stoppage, the fillers of different time periods are sampled separately, and the compressive strength test is performed on the test blocks. The test data is shown in Table 1. The moisture content test data for the dewatering filling is shown in Table 2.



4 effect analysis
4.1 strength
The filling body strength requirements for the cemented surface layer are: 3d strength ≥0.5MPa, people can walk on the filling body, erecting pipelines, rock drilling, etc.; 7d strength ≥1.5～2.0MPa, Heavy equipment such as loading equipment and loading vehicles can walk freely without sagging and obvious road pits, and will not affect the mining of the stope.
In this test, the 4d cement with a sand-to-cement ratio of 1:4 has a 5d strength of 0.76MPa, a 10d strength of 1.77MPa, a 28d strength of 1.70MPa, and a low-temperature ceramic rubber with a sand-to-ash ratio of 1:6. The strength of the 3d cement is 0.64MPa, the strength of 7d is 1.49MPa, the strength of 10d is 1.79MPa, and the strength of 14d is 2.24MPa. The low-temperature ceramic cementitious material with a ratio of sandstone to sand ratio of 1:4 is basically the same as that of cemented cement with a ratio of 1:6. The late-stage strength of low-temperature ceramic cementitious material is higher than that of cement.
4.2 dehydration effect
Taking the filling effect of 42.5 cement 1:4 as a comparison, the consolidation effect of the low-temperature ceramic cementing material of 1:6 is comparable. Therefore, in combination with the application of 42.5 cement in the production process, if the low-temperature ceramic cementitious material with a sand-to-cement ratio of 1:6 is used in the production process, it can also meet the filling process requirements.
Regarding the dewatering effect test of the stope, the previous filling did not carry out the relevant comparative test. The 4048 stope is the first two-layer filling stopyard filled with full tailings. However, due to the slow dewatering rate of the pure tailings slurry, the stope cannot be freely moved in the upper part after 78d of dehydration. The dehydration speed of the pure tailings slurry is extremely slow, which also fully shows that the filling scheme of the pure tailings is difficult to dewater and has a long cycle, which cannot meet the requirements of the mining site. In addition, the filling scheme of “waste stone + full tail sand filling + cementing filling” has a long dewatering time of the upper tail sand filling, and if the construction period is tight, it still cannot meet the production demand; and, because of the waste used for filling Stone is the waste rock in the process of excavation. Its output is difficult to meet the filling requirements of each stop. The tailings filling volume is still very large. If the dewatering is difficult and the cycle is long, it will inevitably affect mining production.

The low-temperature ceramic cementing material is used to fill the tailings with low dosage. The dehydration speed is fast and the cycle is short. The water can be filtered out within 12 hours and can reach a certain strength to meet the next process construction.
4.3 Economic Analysis

The purpose of this test is to reduce the filling cost as much as possible under the premise of satisfying industrial application, and to create better benefits for the development and utilization of No. I copper ore belt.
4.3.1 Economic Analysis of Surface Filling

On the premise of achieving the same effect, compare the unit price of 1t tailings: 42.5 cement: 450 yuan / t ÷ 4 = 112.5 yuan / t; low temperature ceramic cementing material: 500 yuan / t ÷ 6 = 83.3 Yuan / t.
According to the current production of the deep No. I copper ore belt, the annual filling capacity is 660,000 m3 and the tailings volume is 1.26 million tons. If one layer is excluded and no waste rock is filled, the surface layer filling amount is about 1.26 million t/a × (0.8 m ÷ 4 m) = 252,000 t/a; using 42.5 cement The cementation cost of the 1:4 surface cementation is: 450 yuan / t × (252,000 t / a ÷ 4) = 28.35 million yuan / a; using low temperature ceramic cement material 1: The surface layer of 6 is cemented and filled, and the curing agent cost is: 500 yuan / t × (252,000 t / a ÷ 6) = 21 million yuan / a. Under the premise of achieving the same filling effect, the cost of using low temperature ceramic cementitious materials will be lower than the cost of using 42.5 cement.
4.3.2 Economic Analysis of Underlying Filling
At present, the pure tailings filling or the waste rock + full tailings filling scheme used in the bottom layer filling of the two layers is difficult to meet the mining requirements, and the dewatering effect of the filling stop is necessary to be further strengthened. In the "micronized iron tailings solidified dry heap and underground filling expansion industrial test", it was verified that the lime sand ratio of 1:30 low temperature ceramic cementitious material was dehydrated when treating tailings slurry with a tailings concentration of about 40%. The effect is still very satisfactory. In the future, when filling the bottom layer of the stope, if the tailings slurry can be concentrated to a concentration of about 50%, the low-temperature ceramic cementing material with a sand-to-ash ratio of 1:30 will meet the dewatering requirements of the stope. . The curing agent cost used in this part is: 500 yuan / t × (1.26 million t / a -252,000 t / a) ÷ 30 = 16.8 million yuan / a; tons of processing costs: 500 yuan / t ÷ 30 = 16.7 yuan / t.
4.3.3 Analysis of consolidation cost of filling tailings
The scheme of “bottom low-volume full-tailed cement-filled filling + high-grade graded tailings cemented filling” can basically meet the filling and mining requirements of the deep No. I copper ore belt, and can effectively solve the poor dewatering effect and tail. The sand utilization rate is not high, and the tailings reservoir dam pressure is high.
The comprehensive consolidation cost of filling tailings: 21 million yuan / a + 16.8 million yuan / a = 37.8 million yuan / a; the total consolidation cost of tons of tailings: 37.8 million yuan / a ÷ 1.26 million t / a = 30 yuan / t; unit cost converted into square: 37.8 million yuan / a ÷ 660,000 m3 / a = 57.3 yuan / m3.
5 Conclusion
(1) The purpose of this industrial test is to verify whether the low-temperature ceramic cementitious material with a sand-to-cement ratio of 1:6 can achieve the filling effect of 42.5 cement with a sand-to-ash ratio of 1:4. The test results show that the compressive strength of the two bodies is basically the same.
(2) Using low-temperature ceramic cementitious materials as filling materials, under the premise of the same effect as 42.5 cement, the cost will be lower than that of 42.5 cement, and good economic benefits can be obtained.
(3) For the good dewatering effect of low-temperature ceramic cementitious materials, it is necessary to further verify the actual use of the tailings particle size distribution, tailings slurry concentration and other factors, if the low concentration of low gelling agent can be carried out The tailings cement filling will have a huge impact on the filling preparation station pulping, tailings reservoir dam and so on.
references:
[1] Guo Xiong, Qiao Wei, Luo hired. Application of horizontal stratified filling method in the area of ​​Chambishi Copper Mine [J]. Mining Technology, 2011, 11 (2).
[2] Lei Xiaolin. Dry on a hierarchical level to the filling method using three gold ore Taishan [J]. Mining Technology 2012 (5).
[3] Peng Shiqun, Wang Hongwu. Discussion on approach filling technology [J]. China Mining Engineering, 2004, 6 (3): 31-33.
[4] Fan Mingyu, Yan Shunling, Zhang Jingming. The concept of the point-column layered tailings filling method in the panel [J]. Mining Technology, 2002 (3): 33-34.

        Author: HU Yuan, Zhou Fucheng; Kunming Iron and Steel Dahongshan iron ore, Yunnan Yuxi City 653 405;
        Article source: Mining Technology: 2015, (15) 6;
        Copyright:

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