In recent years, with the active efforts of the national mineral processing workers, from time to time to develop, from time to time to innovate, actively explore, seize opportunities, and dare to challenge, a number of mineral processing technology effects have been among the world's advanced levels, greatly promoting the development of productivity, and supported The development of national economic construction.
First, a major breakthrough in the beneficiation process
At present domestic iron ore dressing plant processes mainly magnetite and hematite two categories, including magnetite concentrate production accounts for about three-quarters of China's iron ore production and most of the domestic iron ore mine for innovation in terms of mineral processing technology Also mainly these two types of ore.
(1) Progress in magnetite ore dressing process
The national iron ore resources are relatively abundant, and in terms of reserves, it is second only to Russia, Canada, Australia, Brazil and other countries [3] iron ore resources, Anshan-type iron ore is the most widely distributed, the country's most important iron deposit, its reserves are about It accounts for more than half of the total iron ore reserves in the country, and its scale is generally large. Its ore type is mainly magnetite, and the most important type of ore in the current domestic iron ore dressing plant. The most successful new technologies presented in recent years are: stage grinding, weak magnetic separation-reverse flotation process, full magnetic separation and sorting process, ultra-fine crushing-wet magnetic separation and tailing process.
1. Stage grinding, weak magnetic separation-reverse flotation process
Due to the fine size of the magnetite currently selected in the country, the negative influence of magnetic agglomeration in the selection is becoming more and more obvious, which makes it more and more difficult to improve the concentrate grade by a single magnetic separation method. The magnetic separation method is combined with the anion reverse flotation. As a result, the complementary advantages in the process of selecting magnetite ore are conducive to improving the grade of concentrate of magnetite ore. Stage grinding, weak magnetic separation-reverse flotation process is one of the more effective processes for iron reduction and reduction of iron in national iron concentrate. Angang Steel Changling Concentrator uses a reverse cation flotation process. After a rough selection, the final concentrate and reverse flotation foam are obtained by concentrating magnetic separation, grinding, regrind the product through dewatering tank and multiple sweeps. The tailing and magnetic separation concentrates are returned to the reverse flotation operation and re-selected.
2, full magnetic separation process
The full magnetic separation process is based on the existing stage of grinding, weak magnetic separation, fine screening and re-grinding process, and then selected by high-efficiency fine screening and high-efficiency magnetic separation equipment . Compared with the reverse flotation process, the process is simple, the process is reliable, the investment is saved, the construction period is short, and the operation is easy. Mine ore concentrator belonging Shougang selected Anshan poor magnetite ore and banded gneissic structure, the metal in mineral magnetite, hematite a small amount, the whole magnetic separation process is selected from the mine Shougang For many years, the iron ore grade has been maintained at around 67%. It has won the national championship of iron concentrate quality. It is the main equipment of high-frequency vibrating screen, BX magnetic separator, magnetic separation column and disc filter. The selection process was first adopted in the Benfen Nanfen Concentrator and the Shantoushan Concentrator. The process has an accurate entry point and few openings, which is both reasonable and economical for optimizing the overall process and achieving the ultimate goal of reducing silicon and iron. The application results indicate that the concentrate iron grade can be increased to about 69.5%, the SiO 2 content in the concentrate is reduced to less than 4%, the tailing grade and metal recovery rate are basically unchanged, and the newly added processing cost is less than 20 yuan/t.
3, ultra-fine broken-wet magnetic separation tailing process
The process is to finely crush the ore to 5 mm or less, and then perform wet magnetic separation and tailing with a permanent magnet medium field magnetic separator. This process is particularly important for energy saving, efficient use of extremely poor iron ore and improved final iron concentrate quality.
(II) Progress of red ore beneficiation process
The national red mineral resources are large in reserves and poorly selectable, mainly distributed in Liaoning, Hebei, Gansu, Anhui, Inner Mongolia, Henan, Hubei, Shanxi, Guizhou and other places. The domestically-selected magnetite resources are facing an increasingly shortage situation. The reserve magnetite mines are obviously lacking. Most of the relatively well-selected red iron mines have entered the deep mining period, and the mining interest has increased year by year. The red ore dressing has always been the country. A major problem in the mineral processing industry. In recent years, the national mineral processing science and technology workers have been persistently engaged in mineral processing and research, and developed new mineral processing chemicals, processes and equipment for the specific characteristics of the red mines, which has made a major breakthrough in China's red ore beneficiation technology, and the technological indicators have reached the international advanced level.
1. Continuous grinding-magnetic separation-flotation combined process
The Angang Steel Station Concentrator is studying the continuous grinding, weak magnetic-strong magnetic-anion reverse flotation process "continuous grinding, weak magnetic-strong magnetic-acidic positive flotation process" stage grinding, re-election-magnetic After the selection-acid positive flotation "continuous grinding, weak magnetic-strong magnetic-cation reverse flotation process" and other processes, according to the experimental results, the "continuous grinding, weak magnetic-strong magnetic-anion reverse flotation process" is adopted. The process structure is reasonable and compact, and it has strong adaptability to changes in ore properties and stable production. After the transformation of the Tuanjuntai Concentrator in this process, the original ore grade was 29.60%, and the concentrate grade was over 67.59%, and the tailing grade was 10.56%. The metal recovery rate was 82.24%. At present, in addition to the Tuanjuntai concentrator, the Qidashan Concentrator and the Donganshan Sintering Plant have completed the technical transformation according to this process. The Sijiaying Concentrator, Wuyang Red Iron Ore Concentrator and Gongchangling Red Iron Ore Concentrator have already Construction started according to this process and significant progress was made.
2. Stage grinding-re-selection-magnetic separation-flotation combined process
The Anshan Iron and Steel Plant of Anshan Iron and Steel Co., Ltd. used this process to obtain the technical index of 64.19% metal recovery rate of concentrate grade 76.11%.
3. Strong magnetic-reverse flotation-baking combined process
At present, the reduction and roasting magnetic separation process of domestic red iron ore is not widely used due to its high cost and low iron concentrate grade. The process is mainly suitable for iron ore with large burning loss such as limonite and siderite. Due to the low theoretical grade of this type of iron ore, the iron concentrate with low impurity content is obtained through strong magnetic-reverse flotation, and then the iron grade of the product can be greatly improved by ordinary roasting or production of pellets, which is still high quality. Ironmaking raw materials.
Second, significant progress has been made in mineral processing equipment
In recent years, the improvement of the national iron ore beneficiation process has been supported by new mineral processing equipment and advanced foreign equipment, especially in recent years in the crushing, grinding classification, sorting (including re-election, magnetic separation, flotation, etc.) dehydration, Many new high-efficiency equipments have been developed or introduced in the field of filtration, and have been successfully applied, providing equipment guarantee for the progress of mineral processing technology.
(1) Crushing equipment
For decades, the country's metal mines have been working hard to save energy and reduce economic efficiency, and to reduce the basic principle. The progress of crushing equipment is mainly expressed in the development and application of new external moving 颚颚 颚 jaw crusher , double Original and practical crushing equipment such as cavity jaw crusher , double cavity rotary crusher, impact jaw crusher, etc. However, these equipments have certain differences in technology and use effects compared with crushing equipment imported from abroad. At present, the column mill has certain application in some mines in China. The energy saving and consumption reduction of this kind of equipment can increase the output of the system by 30%-50%, and the equipment operation rate is high, which has little impact on the environment.
(2) Grinding equipment
Since the ball mill is a kind of childish equipment with many advantages, the research of grinding equipment is mainly focused on energy saving and mill liner.
(3) Fine particle screening and grading equipment
In recent years, through the introduction of foreign advanced technology from time to time, the country's fine-grain screening and grading equipment has reached the international level. The US Derrick high-frequency fine screen has also been applied in the National Magnetite Concentrator. After Laiwu Mining Company and Lunan Mining Company used this fine screen instead of ordinary nylon fine screen, the processing capacity of raw ore increased by more than 25%, and the grade of concentrate increased by nearly 1%.
(4) Magnetic separation equipment
The progress of national magnetic separation equipment is relatively fast, from weak magnetic to strong magnetic, from electromagnetic to permanent magnet, from dry to wet, etc., people have done a lot of research work, and made great progress, showing a batch of higher Horizontal magnetic separation equipment.
(5) Magnetic- reselection equipment
At present, the composite beneficiation technology has made great progress. The magnetic-re-selection equipment developed and applied mainly includes a magnetic separation column [9] magnetic agglomeration re-selector, a low-field-strength self-weight jig, and a CSX series magnetic field screening machine. It is characterized by a composite force field, in addition to magnetic force, a combination of gravity and hydrodynamics, magnetic separation and reselection. The various forces play a complementary role, thus increasing the selectivity of sorting. These devices are now used in actual production, and magnetic separation columns and magnetic agglomeration re-selectors are widely used.
(6) Flotation equipment
Flotation equipment is widely used in iron ore beneficiation operations. At present, the flotation equipment widely used in China is mainly various types of flotation machines, and the types are self-aspirating mechanical agitating type, pneumatic mechanical stirring type and inflatable type. The research on the flotation machine mainly focuses on the flotation machine tank structure, impeller shape, impeller speed, impeller diameter, stator and so on. The use of teaching more includes XT series flotation machine, BF series flotation machine, JJF series flotation machine, CF series flotation machine, etc. In recent years, the new type mainly has XTB rod flotation machine, and fine grain downstream flotation Separation machine and XPM type jet flotation machine.
(7) Filtration and dewatering equipment
In recent years, there have been major breakthroughs in filtration and dewatering equipment. The new filtration and dewatering equipment mainly includes disc vacuum filter, filter press and ceramic filter. The latest research and development also includes membrane filtration technology. The disc vacuum filter is optimized for the characteristics of high density, fast sedimentation speed and high viscosity of metal minerals.
Third, the mineral processing agent is updated from time to time
The progress of mineral processing pharmacy plays an important role in the development of China's iron ore beneficiation process, especially the development of iron and silicon reduction. Domestically developed iron ore flotation reagents mainly include collectors and inhibitors, and collectors are divided into three categories: anion collectors, cation collectors, and chelate collectors.
Fourth, the development direction of the national iron ore mine processing technology
Although China's iron ore partial beneficiation technology and concentrate quality have reached the international advanced level, China's iron ore is characterized by poor, miscellaneous, fine and various types, and the new requirements of iron and steel industry for iron concentrates have been proposed to Chinese mineral processing workers. New challenges. Therefore, there is still a deeper development in the metallurgical ore dressing technology of the country:
1. Promote the application of high-quality iron concentrate ore dressing technology represented by magnetic separation-reverse flotation and high-efficiency magnetic separation (magnetic re-election). At the same time, the beneficiation process should be as efficient and simple as possible, so the beneficiation should be strengthened. Research on equipment and mineral processing techniques to achieve the best results in the most appropriate process. The reverse flotation process has important application prospects for improving the recovery rate of metals, and should actively strengthen the research on reverse flotation reagents [6]
2. Continue to pay attention to the technology of iron reduction and iron reduction in iron concentrates. At the same time, we should pay attention to the research on the technology of reducing other harmful impurities, including SPKNaF.
3. Research on the fine-layered red iron ore and composite polymetallic red iron ore beneficiation technology should be further strengthened to further improve the utilization rate of lean red iron ore in China.
4. In terms of grinding and sorting equipment, in the future, we should pay attention to the introduction and cooperative development of energy-saving superfine crushing equipment. We should increase the introduction and digestion of foreign advanced technology and equipment, and improve the overall technical and equipment level of China's iron ore as soon as possible. At the same time, we will consider the development and research work of the coarse-grain tailing process and related equipment. The development of energy-saving beneficiation equipment capable of effectively recovering fine-grained iron minerals should be further strengthened, including permanent magnetization of strong magnetic equipment, fine-grain flotation machine and flotation column. More in-depth study of multi-cylinder magnetic separators with multi-segment selection performance.
5, pharmaceutical processing aspects, should focus on the development of various ore adaptable, high efficiency, low temperature, non-toxic agents on; The study also formulated, while adding the pharmaceutical compound; the focus should now be able to develop non-quartz flotation silicon High-efficiency collector for acid gangue minerals and application range for expanding reverse flotation process.
6. The current research on flotation equipment mainly develops in the direction of large-scale and energy-saving. The lower limit of flotation particle size is reduced, and the composite force field is introduced into the flotation machine. In addition, the automatic control of flotation machine should also be strengthened. There is still a lot of work to be done on the application of flotation columns in iron ore mines, which has great prospects.
7. Filtration and dewatering equipment: 1 research and development of high-efficiency filter media; 2 development of multi-functional integrated components to enhance sealing; 3 development of composite filtration technology equipment; 4 equipment large-scale, energy-saving and automation.
1. Flying knife, flying knife pressing plate, bottom knife, bottom knife pressing plate, flying knife screw, bottom knife screw, lower comb plate, knife roller assembly, screen.
2. Feeding roller, tooth piece of feeding roller, square shaft of feeding roller, locking inner and outer rings, locking device, bearing seat, bottom knife seat, spindle of knife roller,
3. Beam, guard plate, large pulley, motor pulley, reducer assembly, motor, large cylinder, small cylinder, supporting roller, etc.
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