1. Fertility Requirements: Chinese cabbage has a long growth cycle and high yield potential, requiring significant nutrient inputs throughout its development. Among the essential nutrients, potassium is absorbed in the highest quantity, followed by nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium. The overall nutrient uptake pattern shows low absorption during the seedling stage, a sharp increase during the rosette phase, and steady nutrient uptake during the heading stage. Sufficient nitrogen supply is crucial for promoting the development of thick, green leaves and enhancing photosynthetic efficiency. If phosphorus and potassium are insufficient in the later stages, it can lead to poor head formation, affecting both yield and quality.
2. Fertilization Techniques: For a medium fertility level, the total fertilizer application per mu (approximately 667 square meters) should be around 2000–2500 kg of organic material or 300–350 kg of commercial organic fertilizer over the entire growing season. This includes 13–16 kg of nitrogen fertilizer, 5–8 kg of phosphate fertilizer, and 10–12 kg of potash fertilizer. Nitrogen and potassium fertilizers are typically applied as both base and top-dressing, while phosphate fertilizers are mostly used as base fertilizer along with farmyard or commercial organic manure.
Base Fertilizer: Apply 2000–2500 kg of farmyard manure or 300–350 kg of commercial organic fertilizer, combined with 4–5 kg of urea, 11–17 kg of diammonium phosphate, 6–7 kg of potassium sulfate, and 20 kg of calcium nitrate. This provides a balanced nutrient foundation for healthy early growth and strong root development.
Top-Dressing: During the rosette stage, apply 10–12 kg of urea and 7–9 kg of potassium sulfate. In the early heading stage, repeat the same amounts to support rapid leaf expansion and proper head formation. These applications ensure that the plant receives adequate nutrients when it needs them most.
Foliar Fertilization: Spraying a 0.3% calcium chloride solution or a 0.25–0.5% calcium nitrate solution during the growing period can help reduce the occurrence of dry heartburn, a common issue in Chinese cabbage. At the beginning of the heading stage, applying a 0.5–1.0% urea solution or a 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution can enhance the marketability and quality of the crop, improving its commercial value.
Proper nutrient management is essential for maximizing yield and quality in Chinese cabbage production. By following these recommended practices, farmers can ensure optimal growth, better disease resistance, and higher profitability from their crops.
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